The students of Science and Technology need mastery in English Language for academic needs as well as their employability skills. ESP is an approach to language teaching and content and method are based on the learner's reason for learning. Course design is the process by which the raw data about a learning need is interpreted in order to produce an integrated series of teaching-learning experiences. A material design model consists of four elements: input, content focus, language focus, tasks. The theories of language or the nature of language have been viewed as falling into three main dimensions: structural, functional and interactional views. Course designers have to create or find out some innovative activities or tasks for the learners to acquire the competency levels. The EST Course should be planned and designed to meet the needs and competencies of the students.
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Journal for Research Scholars and Professionals of English Language Teaching
English as the global academic language facilitates the international mobility of young researchers (Graddol, D. ,2006). English has been the language of choice for many international scholarly journals. Academic writing is complex, formal, objective, explicit, hedged, and responsible. It is organized and planned precisely and accurately. Glatthorn, A. (1998) says about the academic writing style that the academic writing should strive for clarity, maturity, and formality and should strike a balance between confidence and tentativeness.
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English is already established as the de facto lingua franca. A great number of words have been borrowed into English language. It has the largest amount of vocabulary that makes the learners confused to understand its semantics, structure, grammar and pronunciation. The loan-words were influenced and changed their semantic, structural or more or less morphological meaning, even their phonetic appearance. The main reason for borrowing is to provide a word from the source language variety when there is no suitable existing word in the target language. English language, still, continues to expand its vocabulary by means of loanwords from other languages.
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Collocations are very important part of knowledge of second language acquisition and they are essential to non-native speakers of English. J. R. Firth, the father of collocation, first developed a lexical and the most traditional approach, claiming that the meaning of a word is determined by the co-occurring words, and consequently, lexis is independent and separable from grammar. Teachers and students of English should pay more attention to collocations and be aware of the importance of collocations in the acquisition of a word. While teaching of vocabulary of a foreign language like English, the cultural, grammatical, lexical and phonological subsystems should be considered.
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This paper aims at ESL students and explains how denotative and connotative meanings of words used in English. People create new words when they need, and they give these words several meanings. Language is symbolic that is used to represent ideas, objects, and feelings. Connotation and denotation is a part of language and communication. They are two principal methods of describing the meanings of words. The connotation of a word or term adds elements of emotion, attitude, or color. The meaning or use of denotation and connotation depends partly on the field of study. Learning words of denotation and connotation is useful for ESL students to improve their writing style. Connotation and denotation play a vital role in learning language and comprehending literature. Words can be used for positive or negative connotations based on the context and need.
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Journal for Research Scholars and Professionals of English Language Teaching
This paper is just a review that the tendency to read a book decreases among the teenagers. School students do not have reading habits to acquire the knowledge of their subjects or studies. The habit of reading is essential for widening the experience and knowledge. They should be provided or facilitated with good and interesting books which are of moral content-value. The habit of reading helps in developing the mind and personality of a person, providing insights into human problems, and influencing attitudes and behavior. Teachers or parents have to develop the habit of reading among the children from an early age.
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Journal for Research Scholars and Professionals of English Language Teaching
A number of studies reveal that nearly fifty percen t of new teachers leave within the first 5 years of entry into teaching as they are rarely sufficient to prov ide all the knowledge and skill necessary to succes sful teaching. Professionalism in teaching needs applica tion of appropriate standards connected to differen t competencies of teaching. An important aspect of pr eparing students of class-teaching to become successful teachers of English is teaching practice or mentoring programs organized. Studies have foun d that mentoring relationships can have a positive im pact on mentees’ early teaching experiences. Mentoring is a complex, interactive process, occurr ing between individuals of differing levels of experience and expertise. Mentoring is the process of serving as a mentor, someone who facilitates and assists another’s development. Mentoring programs c an help the mentees deal with the cultural differences, logistical issues, unfamiliar structur al and organizational arrangements, different understanding of assessment, communication gaps and problems with teacher and student relations.
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Abstract This paper, “The Intelligibility of English Sounds: A Study of Phonetics” aims at teaching and learning the correct pronunciation of English Sounds with the help of phonetic symbols. Pronunciation is an inseparable part of English language. Generally English is spoken by the people hailing from different first languages. Intelligibility of English is mandatory in the global world. In English language there is no one-to-one relationship between the letters of the alphabet and the sounds they represent. Key words: Intelligibility of English, English sounds, phonetics, Received Pronunciation, communication,
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The present paper aims at the correlation between spelling and pronunciation of English words. English spelling is almost divorced from its pronunciation and there is no perfect guide how to learn the pronunciation of the words. The letters of alphabet used are always inadequate to represent the sounds. English alphabet contains only 26 letters but the sounds 44. IPA symbols are needed to understand the intelligibility of the pronunciation and the spelling-designed. Learners of English language have to understand that words from other languages may be adopted without being adapted to the spelling system. Most of the letters of English alphabet produce multiple pronunciations. English Pronouncing Dictionary is needed for better understanding of the spelling and pronunciation.
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Journal for Research Scholars and Professionals of English Language Teaching
Languages are constantly changing and adding new words so as English which is a challenging one to learn, as it is full of quirks and exceptions. Languages, having some degree of inflection are synthetic languages. In grammar, inflection is the modification of a word to express different grammatical categories such as tense, case, voice, aspect, person, number, gender and mood. Grammatical morphemes denote grammatical categories of a language such as tense, number gender and aspect. The grammatical morphemes inflect their pronunciation due to the influence of nearby sounds. The differences are not generally reflected in the spellings of the morphemes. The inflected forms of pronunciations of the morphemes are called allomorphs.
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